Kidney Stone

🪨 Kidney Stones (गुर्दे की पथरी)

Kidney stones are hard mineral and salt deposits that form inside the kidneys. They develop when urine becomes concentrated, allowing minerals to crystallize and stick together.

 

🔍 Causes:

  • Dehydration (not drinking enough water)

  • High levels of calcium, oxalate, or uric acid in the urine

  • Certain diets (too much salt, sugar, or protein)

  • Obesity

  • Genetics or family history

  • Medical conditions like urinary tract infections or kidney disorders

💊 Treatment Options:

  1. Small Stones (less than 5mm):

    • Drink plenty of water

    • Pain relievers

    • Medicines to help pass the stone

  2. Large Stones or complications:

    • ESWL (Shock Wave Lithotripsy) – breaks stones into small pieces

    • URS (Ureteroscopy) – uses a small scope to remove or break stones

    • PCNL (Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy) – surgical removal for large/stubborn stones

    • Open Surgery – rarely needed